ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਭਾਰਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐੱਮ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ

•September 4, 2008 • 1 Comment

ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮ ਦੀ ਧਾਰਣਾ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਹੀ ਨਵੀਂ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਇਸ ਬਾਰੇ ਥੋੜਾ ਜਾਨਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਹੈ।

ਬੈਕਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਮਸ਼ੀਨਾ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪੈਸੇ ਕਢਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਇਕ ਨਿਰਧਾਰਿਤ ਕਾਰਡਜ਼ ਹਨ, ਜੋ ਬੈਂਕਾ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਹਨ ਜਾਂ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਬੈਂਕਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਉਹ ਮਸ਼ੀਨਾਂ ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨਾਲ ਜਾਰੀ ਕਰਤਾ ਬੈਂਕ ਨੇ ਕੋਈ ਸਾਂਝ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੋਈ ਹੈ। ਕਈ ਵਾਰ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਬੈਂਕਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਮਸ਼ੀਨਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਪੈਸੇ ਕਢਾਉਣਾ ਹਮੇਸ਼ਾ ਨਿਸ਼ੁਲਕ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਭਾਵੇਂ ਇਕ ਦਿਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੱਧ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧ ਪੈਸੇ ਕਢਾਉਣ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਾ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਹੈ।

ਏ. ਟੀ.ਐਮ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਹੋਰ ਥਾਂ, ਜਿੱਥੇ ਮਸ਼ੀਨ ਉਪਲਭਦ ਹੈ, ਲਿਜਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਕਢਵਾਏ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਨ।

ਹਰੇਕ ਕਾਰਡ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਖਾਸ ਕੋਡ—ਕੂਟ-ਸੰਕੇਤ—ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਰਡ ਧਾਰਕ ਜਾਣਦਾ ਹੈ। ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਪੈਸੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਢਵਾਏ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ।

ਠੀਕ ਹੈ। ਹੁਣ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਮੂਲ ਵਿਵਾਦ ਵੱਲ ਮੁੜੀਏ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਖਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਸੀ। ਇਹ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਕੋਈ ਯੰਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਬੈਂਕ ਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ ਅਤੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਨਵੀਂ ਪ੍ਰੋਦਯੋਗਿਕੀ ਦੀ ਚਮਕ-ਦਮਕ ਨੂੰ ਕੱਟਦੇ ਨਹੀਂ।

ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਵਣਜ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ ਦੇ ਹੱਥ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਦ ਕਦੇ ਲੋੜ ਪੈਂਦੀ ਕਿਸੇ ਵਸਤੂ ਦੇ ਵਿਰੁੱਧ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਅਜੋਕੇ ਬੈਂਕ ਗਹਿਣੇ ਰੱਖਕੇ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਧਨ ਉਧਾਰ ਦਿਆ ਕਰਦੇ ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਲੋਕ ਆਪਣੀ ਸੁਰਖਿਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੈਸੇ ਵੀ ਰੱਖਦੇ, ਜੋ ਅਜੋਕੇ ਬੈਂਕਾ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਢਲਾ ਕੰਮ ਹੈ। ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਸਾਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਿ ਇਨਾਂ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਰਖਣ ਤੇ ਵਿਆਜ ਦਿਤਾ, ਪਰੰਤੂ, ਉਹ ਉਧਾਰ ਦੇਣ ਤੇ ਇਸਦੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਸੀ।

ਅਸੀਂ ਹੁਣ ਨਿਸਚਤ ਬਿੰਦੂ ਵੱਲ ਮੁੜੀਏ, ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਇਕ ਵਸਤੂ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਸਕ੍ਰਿਤ ਜਾਂ ਹਿੰਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਆਖਦੇ ਸਨ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਅਜਿਹੇ ਲੋਕ ਵਰਤਦੇ ਸਨ। ਇਹ ਕਾਗਜ਼ ਦੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ, ਕਿਉਂ ਜੋ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਿਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਗਜ਼ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਲਗਭਗ ਨਾ ਬਰਾਬਰ ਸੀ। ਜ਼ਰੂਰੀ ਹੀ ਇਹ ਕਾਗਜ਼ ਲਕੜ ਜਾਂ ਕਿਸੇ ਧਾਤ ਦੀ ਬਣੀ ਹੋਵੇਗੀ। ਜਾਰੀ ਕਰਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਆਦਮੀ (ਜਾਰੀ ਕਰਤਾ ਬੈਂਕ ਜੋ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਏ. ਟੀ.ਐਮ ਕਾਰਡ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਦੀ ਤਰਾਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ) ਕਿਸੇ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਸਥਾਨ ਤੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਦੂਸਰੇ ਆਦਮੀ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ ਨਿਸ਼ਚਤ ਰਕਮ ਦੀ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ। ਜੋ ਉਸ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਨੂੰ ਲੈ ਲੈਂਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਧਾਰਕ ਨੂੰ ਉਸ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਤੇ ਲਿਖਤ ਰਕਮ ਦੇ ਦਿੰਦਾ। ਦੂਸਰੇ ਆਦਮੀ ਦਾ ਦੂਸਰੀ ਥਾਂ ਤੇ ਇਹ ਸਪਸ਼ਟ ਸੀ ਕਿ ਉਸ ਦਾ ਉਸ ਨਾਲ ਸਬੰਧ ਜਾਂ ਸਾਂਝ ਉਸ ਆਦਮੀ ਨਾਲ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ਜੋ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਲਿਖਦਾ ਹੈ। ਹੁੰਡੀ ਧਾਰਕ ਨੂੰ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਨੀ ਪੈਂਦੀ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਨਕਦੀ ਵਸੂਲ ਸਕਦਾ ਸੀ।

ਪ੍ਰੰਤੂ ਇਸ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਕੇਵਲ ਜੋੜਿਆ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਅਜੋਕੀ ਬੈਂਕਿਗ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਨੂੰ ਨਹੀਂ ਜੋ ਕਿ ਇਸ ਦੇ ਉਲਟ ਸਾਰੀ ਦੁਨੀਆ ਵਿੱਚ ਪ੍ਰਚਲਤ ਹੈ। ਕਿਂਉਕਿ ਕੁਝ ਕਾਰਣ ਹਨ ਜਿਸ ਬਾਰੇ ਨੀਚੇ ਗਲਬਾਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਹੈ।

ਹੁੰਡੀ ਇਕ ਖਾਸ ਵਸਤੂ ਸੀ, ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਦੂਰ ਦੁਰਾਡੇ, ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਨਾਂ ਸੰਬੋਧਿਤ ਹੈ ਉਸ ਨੂੰ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਕੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਸਨ। ਇਸ ਨੇ ਯਾਤਰਾ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਨਕਦੀ  ਚੁੱਕਣ ਦੀ ਲੋੜ ਨੂੰ ਅਲੋਪ ਕਰ ਦਿਤਾ ਜੋ ਏ.ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਦਾ ਮੁੱਢਲਾ ਕੰਮ ਹੈ।

ਅਜੋਕੇ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੈਂਕਾ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਕੋਈ ਹੋਰ ਸੇਵਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਿਸ ਵਿਧੀ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਇਕ ਆਦਮੀ ਪੈਸੇ ਜਮਾ ਕਰਾ ਸਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਸਤੂ ਉਸੇ ਵਸਤੂ ਦੀ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਹ ਪੁਰਖ ਜਾਂ ਇਸਤਰੀ ਦੂਰ ਕਿਸੇ ਥਾਂ ਤੇ ਵਸਤੂ ਪੇਸ਼ ਕਰਕੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਨਕਦ ਕਰਵਾ ਸਕੇ—ਸਿੱਧੇ ਤੋਰ ਤੇ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਮਿਲਦੀ-ਜੁਲਦੀ ਹੈ।

ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਯਾਤਰਾ ਸਾਧਾਰਨ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਪੈਦਲ ਜਾਂ ਗੱਡਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਇਸ ਤੋਂ ਵੱਧਕੇ ਵੱਡਾ ਖੇਤਰ ਜੰਗਲ ਨਾਲ ਢੱਕਿਆ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਸੀ। ਜਿਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਯਾਤਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੈਸੇ ਚੁੱਕ ਕੇ ਲੈ ਜਾਣ ਨਾਲ ਲੂੱਟੇ ਜਾਣ ਦੇ ਖਤਰੇ ਦਾ ਡਰ ਪੈ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਰਡ ਜਾਂ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਬਦਲਾਵ ਕਰਣ ਨੂੰ ਪਹਿਲ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਸਨ। ਫਿਰ ਵੀ, ਹੁੰਡੀ ਵੀ ਲੁੱਟੀ ਜਾ ਸਕਦੀ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਖਾਸ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਲਈ ਕੋਈ ਕੂਟਸੰਕੇਤ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ। ਪ੍ਰੰਤੂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਡਾਕੂ ਯਾਤਰਾ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਹੀ ਲੁੱਟਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਹੀਂ। ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ, ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਡਾੱਕੂ ਕਦੇ ਵੀ ਅਜਿਹੀ ਵਿਪਤਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਲੈਂਦਾ ਕਿ, ਉਹ ਵਸਤੂ ਲਏ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਚਲਿਆ ਜਾਵੇ ਜਿਥੋਂ ਉਹ ਉਸ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਤੋਂ ਪੈਸੇ ਲੈ ਲਵੇਗਾ । ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੋਲ ਅਜਿਹਾ ਖੁੱਲ੍ਹਾ ਸਮਾਂ ਕਦੇ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਹੁੰਦਾ।

ਭਾਵੇਂ ਹੁੰਡੀ ਨਾਲ ਸਾਰੀਆਂ ਹੋਰ ਸੰਭਾਵਨਾਵਾਂ ਤਾਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ, ਜਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਅੱਜ ਦੇ ਏ.ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਨਾਲ ਹਨ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚੋਂ ਕੁੱਝ ਇਹ ਹਨ-

  • ਇਹ ਇੱਕ ਦੂਰ ਦੇ ਸਥਾਨ ਤੇ ਚਲੰਤ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਲਈ ਸੰਬੋਧਿਤ ਕੀਤੀ ਗਈ ਸੀ।
  • ਕੇਵਲ ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਸੰਬੋਧਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ, ਤੋਂ ਹੀ ਧਨ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਸੀ। ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਤੋਂ ਨਹੀਂ ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਉਸ ਦੀ ਦੂਰ-ਸਥਾਨ ਤੇ ਸਾਂਝ ਹੋਵੇ। 
  • ਰਾਤ ਸਮੇਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ।
  • ਜੇਕਰ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਗਲਤ ਥਾਂ ਤੇ ਰੱਖ ਦਿਓ ਜਾਂ ਖੋ ਦਿਓ, ਦੂਸਰਾ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ, ਜਿਸ ਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਮਿਲ ਜਾਵੇ ਜਾਂ ਲੱਭ ਜਾਵੇ, ਸੰਬੋਧਿਤ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦੇ ਅੱਗੇ ਰੱਖਕੇ ਪੈਸੇ ਲੈ ਸਕਦਾ ਸੀ। ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਕੂਟ ਸੰਕੇਤ ਜਾਂ ਪ੍ਰਕੋਤਾ ਨਾਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਨ। 
  • ਅਤੇ ਅੰਤ ਵਿੱਚ, ਇਹ ਕੇਵਲ ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰੀ ਹੀ ਵਰਤਣ ਯੋਗ ਸੀ ਅਤੇ ਦੋਬਾਰਾ ਪੈਸੇ ਕਢਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਨਹੀਂ ਸੀ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ।

ਫਿਰ ਵੀ, ਉਪਰੋਕਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਹੀ ਭੇਦਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਕਮੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋਏ, ਇਹ ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਸਾਧਾਰਣ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਰਖਿਅਤ ਵਿਕਲਪਾਂ ਵਿਚੋਂ ਇੱਕ ਸੀ, ਜੋ ਪ੍ਰਤੱਖ ਹੀ ਅੱਜ ਦੇ ਏ. ਟੀ. ਐਮਜ਼ ਨਾਲ ਮੇਲ ਖਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ, ਅਤੇ ਕਿਸੇ ਵੀ ਤਰਾਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਸਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਪੂਰੀਆਂ ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ। ਸਮਾਂ ਲੰਘਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਤਕਨੀਕਾਂ ਬਦਲ ਜਾਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ—ਜੀਵਨ ਚਲਦਾ ਅਤੇ ਤੁਰਦਾ ਰਹਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

ਇਸ ਲੇਖ ਨੂੰ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਵਿੱਚ, ਇੱਥੇ, ਪੜੋ।

Places of Tourist Interest in Bangaluru (formerly Bangalore)

•August 29, 2008 • 2 Comments

Places of Tourist Interest in Bangaluru (formerly Bangalore)

Bangaluru, formerly Bangalore, one of the fastest growing cities in Asia, is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka.

Also known as the Garden City of India, Bangaluru enjoys a pleasant climate for most part of the year.

Bangaluru, which is now India’s major IT hub, attracts a large number of visitors from all parts of the country as well as from foreign lands.

Some of the most popular and most visited places of interest in Bangaluru are:

Vidhana Soudha, Bangaluru

Vidhana Soudha, Bangaluru, the State Legislative and Secretariat House, was constructed in the year 1956. Built in the Neo-Dravidian style, this beautiful structure is one of the most popular attractions in Bangaluru.

Attara Kacheri, Bangaluru

Attara Kacheri, Bangaluru, located opposite to the Vidhan Soudha, has a magnificent building. Constructed in the year 1867 in the Gothic style of architecture, it is one of the most imposing structures in Bangaluru.

Bangalore Palace, Bangaluru

Bangalore Palace, Bangaluru, built in 1887 by the Wodeyar dynasty, is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Bangaluru.

Lalbagh Gardens, Bangaluru

Lalbagh Gardens, Bangaluru, located in the south of the city, is another popular place of interest in Bangaluru. Laid out by HyderAli in 1760, this beautiful garden covers an area of about 240 acres.

Tipu’s Palace, Bangaluru

Tipu’s Palace, Bangaluru, constructed first by Hyder Ali and later completed by his son Tipu Sultan in 1791, is one of the most popular places of interest in Bangaluru.

Cubbon Park, Bangaluru

Cubbon Park, Bangaluru, the green park spreading over 250 acres, is one of the most popular and most visited places of interest in Bangaluru.

It also hosts an amusement park for the little ones, a toy train for kids and a doll museum.

Gandhi Bhavan, Bangaluru

Gandhi Bhavan, Bangaluru, one of the most popular places of interest in Bangaluru, displays the life of Mahatma Gandhi—the father of the nation—with the help of pictures.

Jawahar Lal Nehru Planetarium, Bangaluru

Jawahar Lal Nehru Planetarium, Bangaluru, is one of the most popular places of interest in Bangaluru.

Shiva Statue, Bangaluru

Shiva Statue, Bangaluru, a 65 feet high depiction of Lord Shiva seated in Lotus position, is another popular attraction in Bangaluru.

Dodda Ganapathi Temple, Bangaluru

Dodda Ganapathi Temple, Bangaluru, which has a huge monolithic statue of Gapnapati, is one another popular place of interest in Bangaluru.

Bull Temple, Bangaluru

Bull Temple, Bangaluru, located at Basavangudi and one of the oldest temples is Bangaluru, is one of the most popular and most visited places of interest in Bangaluru.

ISKCON Temple, Bangaluru

ISKCON Temple, Bangaluru, with a magnificent main temple hall, is another popular place of interest in Bangaluru.

Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Bangaluru

Visvesvaraya Industrial and Technological Museum, Bangaluru, named after Sir M. Visveswaraya—a well-known engineer who constructed a number of famous dams in the state of Karnataka—is a Science museum with models of various machines. Remains closed on Mondays.

Venkatappa Art Gallery, Bangaluru

Venkatappa Art Gallery, Bangaluru, one of India’s oldest art museums, has a good collection of antiques and archaeological objects. Remains closed on Wednesdays.

Seshadri Iyer Memorial Hall, Bangaluru

Seshadri Iyer Memorial Hall, Bangaluru, housing the State Central Library, has a fine collection of reference books. Opens from 8.30 a.m. till 7 p.m. daily except on Mondays.

Aquarium, Bangaluru

Aquarium, Bangaluru, the country’s second largest Aquarium, has a vast varsity of aquatic life. Remains closed on Mondays.

Karnataka Folk Museum, Bangaluru

Karnataka Folk Museum, Bangaluru, managed by the Karnataka Janapada Trust, has a good collection of rare masks, costumes and artifacts. Located at Kumara Park West, Sheshadripuram, it is one of the most popular places of tourist interest in Bangaluru.

Fun World, Bangaluru

Fun World, Bangaluru, a 12 acre Disney Land like amusement park, is another popular place of tourist interest in Bangaluru.

Musical Fountain, Bangaluru

Musical Fountain, Bangaluru, another popular attraction in Bangaluru, is located opposite the planetarium.

Transport in Bangaluru (Bangalore)

•August 29, 2008 • 1 Comment

How To Reach Bangaluru/Bangalore (Transport in Bangaluru)

Bangaluru (formerly Bangalore), one of the most visited cities in India, can be reached through air, rail or road.

Air: Bangaluru has an International airport connecting it with the rest of the world.

Rail: The railway station at Bangaluru city is an important destination on the network of Indian Railways. From here, regular train services are available to most parts of the country.

Road: National Highways NH-4, NH-7 and NH-48 connect Bangaluru with some of the major cities in the country.

Bangaluru is situated at a distance of about: 1033 km from Mumbai; 334 km from Chennai; 566 km from Hyderabad and 761 km from Trivandrum.

Shopping in Dalhousie

•August 28, 2008 • 1 Comment

Shopping in Dalhousie

Dalhousie is one of the most popular and most visited tourist destinations in India. People from all parts of the country as well as from foreign lands visit this beautiful town each year and return home with minds full of joy and bags full of items bought from here.

While shopping in Dalhousie, you must try out Chamba special items such as shawls, cane baskets, chappals, dolls and woolens.

Gandhi Chowk, situated at just 15 minute walk up from the main bus stand, is the central place for shopping in Dalhousie.

Places of Tourist Interest in Dalhousie

•August 28, 2008 • 1 Comment

Places of Tourist Interest in Dalhousie

St. Jonh’s Church, Dalhousie

St. Jonh’s Church, Dalhousie, which stands on the Gandhi Chowk about 2 km from Dalhousie’s main bus stand, was the first to be erected following the foundation of the town of Dalhousie.

St. Patrick’s Church, Dalhousie

St. Patrick’s Church, Dalhousie, which is situated in Baloon, about 2 km away from the main bus stand, is the largest church in Dalhousie: its main hall has a seating capacity of 300 persons. This Church was constructed in 1909.

St. Francis’ Church, Dalhousie

St. Francis’ Church, Dalhousie, a Catholic Church built in 1894, is most arresting erection on the Subhash Chowk.

St. Andrew’s Church, Dalhousie

St. Andrew’s Church, Dalhousie, popularly known as the Church of Scotland, is located at a distance of about one and a half kilometers from Dalhousie’s bus stand. The church was constructed in 1903 by Protestant Christians.

Subhash Baoli, Dalhousie

Subhash Baoli, Dalhousie, located at a distance of about 1 km from GPO, is a beautiful natural place. It is believed to be the place where Neta ji Subhash Chander Bose spent most of his time (during his 7 months stay in Dalhousie in the year 1937) by the side of this make-up.

Panchpula, Dalhousie

Panchpula, Dalhousie, a charming site, is located at a distance of just 3 km from GPO. And, on the way to this beautiful spot named Panchpula, you will find Satdhara springs: the water of these springs contain medicinal properties besides being refreshing.

Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Dalhousie

Lakshmi Narayan Temple, Dalhousie, which was constructed more than 150 years ago, is the temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu. This temple is situated in Sadar Bazar, at a distance of about 200 m from Subhash Chowk, Dalhousie.

Radha Swami Satsang Bhawan and Hospital, Dalhousie

Radha Swami Satsang Bhawan and Hospital, Dalhousie, is situated near Moti Tibba, about 300 m from Gandhi Chowk (GPO).

Dakshina Murti, Dalhousie

Dakshina Murti, Dalhousie, a yoga institution which was initiated by Dr. R. P. Kaushik during mid 70s, is situated approximately 200 m away from Subhash Chowk, Dalhousie.

Shivkul, Dalhousie

Shivkul, Dalhousie, which is situated on the Mall Road between Gandhi Chowk and Subhash Chowk, is an ashram of Vimala Thakur—a well-known religious thinker from the state of Gujarat.

Norwood Paramdham, Dalhousie

Norwood Paramdham, Dalhousie, or also known as Kainth Wali Kothi, is a well-formed house and is situated on the east of Dalhousie’s upper Bakrota Hill.

Khajjiar, Dalhousie

Khajjiar, Dalhousie, which is also known as the mini Switzerland of India, is situated about 23 km away from Dalhousie. Khajjiar is located at a height of about 6400 ft.

Kalatop, Dalhousie

Kalatop, Dalhousie, located at a distance of about 10 km from GPO, is at an altitude of about 8000 ft. To explore Kalatop and Khajiar, one has to plan a three days walk from Dalhousie to Kalatop, Khajjiar and back to Dalhousie.

Banikhet, Dalhousie

Banikhet, Dalhousie, the gateway to Dalhousie, is 7 km short of the town of Dalhousie.

Mani-Mahesh, Dalhousie

Mani-Mahesh, Dalhousie, one of the most popular pilgrim places in the region, is the sacred lake to which the ‘Chhari’ is taken: in the months of August/September, the famous ‘Yatra of Mani-Mahesh’ starts from Lakshmi Narayan Temple in Chamba. The sacred lake is situated at an altitude of about 13,500 ft.

Lakkarmandi, Dalhousie

Lakkarmandi, Dalhousie, is home for ‘dogri’ families: these families are engaged in the work of charcoal making.

Chhatrari, Dalhousie

Chhatrari, Dalhousie, situated at a distance of about 45 km from Chamba, is a famous village: the village is situated at an altitude of about 6000 ft, is well-known for its impressive hill-style temple of Shamti Devi.

Kynance, Dalhousie

Kynance, Dalhousie, which was constructed by Dr. N. R. Dharamvir of Lahore during the year 1933, is a Dharamvirs’ own residential building. The historical significance of this building lies in the fact that Neta Ji Subhash Chander Bose, who was a class fellow of the wife of Dr. Dharamvir, stayed here for seven months with them. Kynance is located at a distance of about 50 km from GPO.

Bharmaur, Dalhousie

Bharmaur, Dalhousie, the land of legendary Gaddies, Bharmaur, is situated about 65 km away from Chamba.

Transport in Dalhousie

•August 28, 2008 • 1 Comment

How To Reach Dalhousie (Transport in Dalhousie)

Air: The nearest airport to Dalhousie is at Amritsar, about 118 km from Dalhousie. Jammu is about 188 km from Dalhousie.

Rail: Pathankot, which is about 80 km from Dalhousie, is the nearest railhead connecting Dalhousie with the rest of the country.

Road: Well-maintained road network links Dalhousie with major cities in and around the state. One can choose to hire a taxi or board a bus to reach Dalhousie.

Dalhousie is situated at a distance of about: 563 km from Delhi, 118 km from Amritsar, 192 km from Jalandhar, 80 km from Pathankot, 56 km from Chamba, 402 km from Manali, 143 km from Dharamshala, 27 km from Khajjiar, 188 km from Jammu and 352 km from Chandigarh.

Travel article about Dalhousie

•August 28, 2008 • 1 Comment

An Introduction To Dalhousie

Dalhousie, the dream destination of most travelers, is a adventure hill resort in the hilly Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Having something of its own, Dalhousie is an ideal choice for a summer retreat: the pines and the deodars, the cottages and the villas line up.

Dalhousie’s attractiveness runs into the hearts of visitors who come to this beautiful town. The lovely greens, the charming rhododendrons, and the unpolluted air make Dalhousie even more beautiful.

Named after Lord Dalhousie—the British Governor General (19th century)—Dalhousie has attractive colonial structures including some well-formed churches. What’s more, from this beautiful town, you will also be able to see the eye-catching snow-covered Dhauladhar Mountains.

Spreading over an area of about 13 sq. km. the town of Dalhousie is surrounded by diverse vegetation. The height of the town of Dalhousie varies between 1524 m and 2377 m.

The languages that are mainly used in Dalhousie include Pahari (local dialect), Hindi and English.

Places of Tourist Interest in Nalanda

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

Places of Tourist Interest in Nalanda

Nalanda, one of the most ancient places in India, is situated in the Indian state of Bihar. Nalanda, the place where ruins of the great ancient university have been excavated, is located about 90 km south east of the state capital city, Patna.

Some of the most popular and most visited places of interest in Nalanda are:

The Nalanda University Archaeological Complex, Nalanda

The Nalanda University Archaeological Complex, Nalanda, one of the most popular places of interest in Nalanda, has a total area of about 14 hectares.

A central walkway, from south to north, divides the buildings: the monasteries or Viharas are east of this divider and the Temples of Chaiyas to the West.

Nava Nalanda Mahavihara, Nalanda

Nava Nalanda Mahavihara, Nalanda, a new institute devoted to study and research in Pali Literature and Buddhism, is another popular place of interest in Nalanda.

The Nalanda Archaeological Museum, Nalanda

The Nalanda Archaeological Museum, Nalanda, located opposite the entrance to the ruins of the university and houses, boasts of beautiful collection of Hindu and Buddhist bronze statues.

Opens from 10 a.m. till 5 p.m. Remains closed on Fridays.

Hieun Tsang Memorial Hall, Nalanda

Hieun Tsang Memorial Hall, Nalanda, constructed in memory of Hieun Tsang, the great Chinese traveler, is another popular place of tourist interest in Nalanda.

Surajpur Baragaon, Nalanda

Surajpur Baragaon, Nalanda, the lake with a temple dedicated to the Sun God, is a famous pilgrim center in Nalanda.

Silao, Nalanda

Silao, Nalanda, a village situated in between Nalanda and Rajgir, is one of the most popular and most visited places of interest near Nalanda. The village is famous for a sweet called ‘Khaja’.

Shopping in Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

Shopping in Gulmarg

Gulmarg, one of India’s most beautiful hill resorts, does not offer ample opportunities for shopping. However, one can sample a shopping experience in Srinagar, located just 56 km from Gulmarg.

Some of the most prominent shopping areas in Srinagar include the Lal Chowk, the Bad Shah Chowk and the Polo View. The items that one can expect while shopping in Srinagar include metal-crafts, cane and bamboo work, baskets, brass and silver ware, and willow and woolen garments.

Things to do in Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

Things to Do in Gulmarg

Gulmarg, one of the most beautiful and most popular tourist destinations in India, offers ample opportunities for recreational activities for those who come here to see and enjoy the beauty of Nature. Some of the most popular recreational activities or things to do in Gulmarg are:

Horse Riding in Gulmarg

Horse riding in Gulmarg is considered as the best activity that everyone can enjoy during a trip to Gulmarg. One can hire a horse directly or one can also hire a horse through the Tourist Office, Gulmarg.

Golfing in Gulmarg

Golfing is one of the most popular things to do in Gulmarg: Gulmarg is known for golfing activities for a long time. The Gulmarg Golf Club was established more than a hundred years ago. One can enjoy golfing here on a temporary membership basis.

Skiing and Winter Sports in Gulmarg

Gulmarg offers the best opportunities for beginners and intermediate skiers: Gulmarg has some of the best available slopes in India for starters and intermediate skiers. Ski equipments are easily available in Gulmarg.

Sledging in Gulmarg

Sledging is another interesting and breathtaking activity that one will really enjoy during a trip to Gulmarg. One can easily think of the excitement of sliding downhill on the snow-covered slopes on a flat wooden. Sledging equipments (sledges and sledge-pullers are available) are available.

Tobogganing in Gulmarg

Tobogganing is one of the most popular and interesting activity in Gulmarg. To enjoy Tobogganing in Gulmarg, no skill is required.

Places of Tourist Interest in Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

Places of Tourist Interest in Gulmarg

Gulmarg, located in the Baramulla district of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), is one of the most beautiful hill resorts in the country. Gulmarg is located about 2730 m above sea level. The beautiful valley is a large meadow spreading over an area of about 3 sq km.

Gulmarg attracts tourists from all parts of the country as well as from outside India, as it is home to a number of places of tourist interest.

Some of the most popular places of tourist interest in Gulmarg are:

Khilanmarg, Gulmarg

Khilanmarg, Gulmarg, the place for skiing during the winter months, offers an opportunity to see the beauty of Kashmir valley and the great Himalayas. Skiing enthusiasts can look forward for the month of December, as the season starts during this month.

Alpather Lake, Gulmarg

Alpather Lake, Gulmarg, a superb alpine lake, lies across the Apharwat hill. This lake is located at a distance of about 13 km from Gulmarg.

The Green Golf Courses and the Gondola Lift, Gulmarg

The Green Golf Courses and the Gondola Lift, Gulmarg, are popular among tourists. With a temporary membership, tourists can enjoy an 18-hole golf course. While the Gondola Lift offers a unique experience of a high ride over the hills and pine-clad inclines.

Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve, Gulmarg

Gulmarg Biosphere Reserve, Gulmarg, offering one of the most delightful wildlife tours, is home to many endangered species such as musk deer, as well as superb fauna.

Transport in Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

How To Reach Gulmarg (Transport in Gulmarg)

Air: Srinagar, located at a distance of about 56 km from Gulmarg, is the nearest airport linking Gulmarg with the rest of the country through air. A number of domestic airlines serve the airport at Srinagar. From Srinagar, one can hire a taxi to reach Gulmarg.

Rail: The nearest railhead connecting Gulmarg with the rest of the country through rail is at Jammu. Regular trains are available from/to Jammu to/from almost all parts of the country.

Road: Gulmarg is situated in the mountainous region and to lay and maintain roads in such a region is very difficult. However, one can reach Gulmarg from Srinagar through road.

Regular bus services—deluxe and ordinary—are operated by J&K SRTC between Srinagar and Gulmarg. During winter months, the bus services are available only up to Tangmarg, located at a distance of about 11 km from Gulmarg. From here, one can reach Gulmarg by a smaller vehicle. One can also reach Gulmarg by hiring a taxi from Srinagar.

Climate of Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

Climate in Gulmarg

During the summer months, between the months of June and August, ranges between a maximum of about 35 degree C and a minimum of about 25 degree C.

During winter season, between the months of December and February, the temperature drops to as low as -10 degree C. Gulmarg starts receiving tourists with the start of winter season.

You can visit Gulmarg anytime during the year: the best time to visit Gulmarg is the time when you finds time to visit this beautiful place.

Travel article about Gulmarg

•August 27, 2008 • 1 Comment

An Introduction to Gulmarg

Gulmarg, one of the most beautiful hill resorts in India, is a town in the Baramula district in the state of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India. Gulmarg, which means ‘Meadow of Flowers’, attracts tourists from all over the country as well as from outside India.

During the beginning of the twentieth century, Sir Marc Aurel Stein (1862-1943)—the well-known Central Asian explorer made his home in Gulmarg in a tent. Also, Gulmarg was one of the most popular summer holiday destinations for British officers during their rule in India.

During the winter season, Gulmarg receives heavy snowfall. Having some of the Asia’s best slopes (ski lift ranges up to five kilometers) and snow-clad peaks (at an altitude of about 3,747 m), Gulmarg is one of the most popular destination among ski enthusiasts.

According to the India census 2001, the total population of Gulmarg was around 673 individuals: males constitute about 99 percent of the total population while females constitute 1 per cent.

Places of Tourist Interest in Patna

•August 26, 2008 • 1 Comment

Places of Tourist Interest in Patna

Patna, which has a fascinating past, is the capital of the Indian state of Bihar.

Besides being the political nerve center of the state, Patna is an important business hub of eastern India. It is also a gateway to the Buddhist and Jain pilgrim places of Nalanda, Vaishali, Rajgir, Pawapuri and Bodhgaya.

Some of the most popular and most visited places of tourist interest in Patna are:

Gol Ghar, Patna

Gol Ghar, Patna, an impressive beehive shaped structure, was built by Capt. John Garstin in the year 1786.

One of the most popular tourist attractions in Patna this 29 m high structure gives a wonderful view of the holy river Ganges as well as of the city from its top.

Harmandirji, Patna

Harmandirji, Patna, the shrine consecrating the birthplace of the tenth Guru of Sikhs, Shri Guru Gobind Singh JI, is one of the most visited religious places in the state as well as in India.

Museum, Patna

Museum, Patna, one of the most popular places of interest in Patna, has fine collection of stone and metal sculptures of the Maurya and Gupta periods.

Kumhrar, Patna

Kumhrar, Patna, located about 5 km away  from Patna, is the site of the ancient city of Pataliputra.

Martyrs Memorial, Patna

Martyrs Memorial, Patna, one of the most popular places of interest in Patna, has been built in front of the old secretariat compound in the memory seven brave young men who fought for the freedom of the nation.

Pathar Ki Masjid, Patna

Pathar Ki Masjid, Patna, situated on the bank of holy river Ganges, is popularly known as Saif Khan’s mosque, Chimni Ghat mosque and Sangi Masjid.

Khuda Baksh Oriental Library, Patna

Khuda Baksh Oriental Library, Patna, one of the most popular places of interest in Patna, has a fine collection of rare Arabic and Persian manuscripts, oddities such as an inch wide Quran and Rajput and Mughal paintings.

Agam Kuan, Patna

Agam Kuan, Patna, situated near the Gulzarbagh railway station, is one of the most important early historic archaeological remains in the city.

Jalan Museum, Patna

Jalan Museum, Patna, built at the site of the fort of Sher Shad, is another popular place of tourist interest in Patna. It has a rich collection of jade, Chinese paintings and silver filigree work of the Mughal period. Prior permission is required for a visit to this museum.

Among other popular places of tourist interest in Patna are Nawab Shahid-Ka-Maqbara, Birla Mandir, Biological park, Bihar Institute of Handicrafts and Designs, Padri-Ki-Haveli and Pachim Darwaza.